Iran’s Assembly of Experts has formally elected Mojtaba Khamenei, the son of the late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, as the Islamic Republic’s next supreme leader. This decision marks him as the third supreme leader in Iran’s history, following Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his father.

The election occurred under significant pressure from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which reportedly influenced Assembly members through direct meetings and communications to support Mojtaba’s candidacy. The announcement came shortly after Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s death in joint U.S.-Israeli airstrikes that initiated a broader war on Iran. Mojtaba, a mid-level Shiite cleric with deep ties to the IRGC and a history of behind-the-scenes influence, has survived the initial strikes and is seen as a hardline continuation of his father’s policies.

The move has drawn international scrutiny, including warnings from Israel that the new leader could become a target, and statements from U.S. President Donald Trump deeming the selection “unacceptable.” Despite these threats, Iran’s Army and IRGC have pledged allegiance to Mojtaba, signaling strong institutional backing amid escalating hostilities. Iranian state media reports that under his command, the country has already launched missile strikes toward occupied territories, with Tehran vowing severe responses to further aggression.

Since his father’s demise, Mojtaba—a reclusive figure who has avoided public office and appearances—has not yet addressed the nation directly. He is expected to navigate intense internal challenges, including dissent over the perception of hereditary rule and ongoing domestic unrest, as well as external pressures from the intensifying regional war. Critics within Iran have raised concerns about the rapid succession process, amid reports of opposition to establishing a dynastic leadership.

Mojtaba’s background includes service in the IRGC during the Iran-Iraq War, theological studies in Qom, and alleged roles in key political events, such as the 2009 suppression of protests. His elevation underscores the IRGC’s dominant influence in Iran’s power structure. As the conflict unfolds, his leadership will likely shape Iran’s response to international adversaries while addressing mounting domestic calls for reform.