Unravelling the Mystery of Traditional Chinese Herbs: Cornus fruit (山茱萸 Shan Zhu Yu)

As the “foundation of vitality,” the kidney is an organ of utmost importance in Chinese medicine. Traditional remedies meant to enhance energy, resilience and longevity usually include herbs that focus on toning and nourishing the kidneys. Shan zhu yu (cornus fruit, or Japanese cornellian cherry) serves precisely this purpose. 

What is cornus fruit? 

Despite its delicious sounding name, the cornellian cherry is not really a cherry. It is the olive-shaped fruit of Cornus officinalis, a member of the dogwood family native to Eastern Asia. Unlike the ornamental, pink- or white-flowering Japanese dogwood you are probably familiar with, this species blooms very early, with clusters of tiny, yellow flowers. It produces fruit in the fall, which is very similar to those of Cornus mas — another dogwood native to Europe and southwest Asia. 

The species name “officinalis” gives us a clue that it has long been recognized for its medicinal value. Although the fruit is red like a cherry, it is much more tart than sweet, and is not consumed raw. Instead, the mature fruits are pitted and dried for use in herbal remedies and warming recipes. 

Shan zhu yu in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

The first medicinal use of Shan zhu yu coincides with the inception of traditional Chinese medicine itself, way back in the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). This fruit is documented in the Third Century Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (The Divine Farmer’s Herbal Classic Text), where it was prescribed to treat deficiencies in the liver and kidneys.

TCM classifies cornus fruit as sour, slightly warm, and astringent. With these balanced properties, it is able to stabilize, nourish and tonify. It is especially favored for addressing reproductive and urinary issues. 

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It is believed to preserve jing (vital essence) by reducing the loss of important fluids. By promoting internal balance, it  enhances energy, resilience, health and vitality. 

Shan zhu yu is not only recognized for treating incontinence, frequent urination, excessive sweating and nocturnal emissions; it is also recommended for conditions like fatigue, weak knees, lower back pain and tinnitus.

This herb is considered safe for use as a general tonic, and is often taken to slow the degenerative effects of aging, promote quick recovery from illness, and treat chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

How does it work?

Modern research regarding cornus fruit pinpoints bioactive compounds that account for its effectiveness. 

Combined, these properties constitute a powerful, but balanced herb with promise for many situations. 

Traditional recipes

Incorporating shan zhu yu into your diet is a simple way to take advantage of its kidney-, liver-, and essence-nourishing effects:

Simple and flavorful, cornus fruit tea secures essence and supports kidney health.

Ingredients:

Method:

1. Steep in boiled, filtered water for 5-10 minutes.
2. Drink warm. 

This light breakfast porridge nourishes the kidneys and supports vitality.

Ingredients:

Method: 

1. Simmer shan zhu yu in water for 10 minutes.
2. Remove the fruit with a sieve.
3. Add rice to the liquid and cook until soft. 
4. Serve warm.

Tonifies the kidney and liver yin, boosts energy.

Ingredients:

Method:

1. Simmer shan zhu yu, wolfberries, and rice in water until tender. 
2. Lightly season, and serve warm.

Nourishes the liver and stabilizes fluids.

Ingredients: 

Method:

1. Simmer shan zhu yu and red dates in water until soft.
2. Serve warm.

Cornus fruit is available as a dried fruit, powder or extract. You can also grow Cornus officinalis in USDA zones 5-8. It prefers full sun to partial shade, and tolerates a variety of soil types, as long as they are well-drained.