Edward Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.[1][2] The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.[3]
Part 1: https://www.ganjingworld.com/news/1hcu2sk12555hwNECvB6YWMVx1eq1c
Part 2: https://www.ganjingworld.com/news/1hcu3me5tsu7pRv6zjE6vbMCm1js1c
^ "Observations on the Natural History of the Cuckoo". By Mr. Edward Jenner. In a Letter to John Hunter, Esq. F.R.S. Jenner, E Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776–1886). 1788. 78:219–237 (Archived Text)
^ Sealy Spencer G (2011). "Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France". Archives of Natural History. 38 (2): 220–228. doi:10.3366/anh.2011.0030.
^ (Letter to Hunter at the Royal Society, as above)
^The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. 2006.
^ Richard B. Fisher, Edward Jenner (Andre Deutsch, 1991) pp. 40–42 [ISBN missing]
^"A brief history of the University". University of St Andrews. Retrieved 11 February 2018. Through the centuries many great minds have been attracted to St Andrews:...Edward Jenner, pioneer of the smallpox vaccine (MD, 1792)
^ Valentin Fuster, Eric J. Topol, Elizabeth G. Nabel (2005). "Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease". p. 8. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins [ISBN missing]
^ Dishington A (1999) [1792]. Sinclair SJ (ed.). "United Parishes of Mid and South Yell". The Statistical Account of Scotland Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes. 2 (50). University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow: Edinburgh: William Creech: 571. OCLC1045293275. Retrieved 10 October 2019 – via The Statistical Accounts of Scotland online service.
^ Plett PC (2006). "Peter Plett and other discoverers of cowpox vaccination before Edward Jenner" [Peter Plett and other discoverers of cowpox vaccination before Edward Jenner]. Sudhoffs Archiv (in German). 90 (2): 219–232. PMID17338405.
^ Jump up to:ab De Beer GR (May 1952). "The relations between fellows of the Royal Society and French men of science when France and Britain were at war". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 9 (2): 297. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1952.0016. S2CID202574537.
^ "Top 10 Tokyo". p. 27. Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2017
^"Monument à Edward Jenner – Boulogne-sur-Mer". e-monumen.net (in French). L'Association pour la sauvegarde et la promotion du patrimoine métallurgique haut-marnais. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
van Oss CJ (November 2000). "Inoculation against smallpox as the precursor to vaccination". Immunological Investigations. 29 (4): 443–446. PMID11130785.
Theves G (1997). "Smallpox: an historical review" [Smallpox: an historical review]. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Médicales du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (in German). 134 (1): 31–51. PMID9303824.
Kempa ME (December 1996). "Edward Jenner (1749–1823) – benefactor to mankind (100th anniversary of the first vaccination against smallpox)". Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski (in Polish). 1 (6): 433–434. PMID9273243.
Kumate-Rodríguez J (1996). "Bicentennial of smallpox vaccine: experiences and lessons" [Bicentennial of smallpox vaccine: experiences and lessons]. Salud Pública de México (in Spanish). 38 (5): 379–385. PMID9092091.
Budai J (August 1996). "200th anniversary of the Jenner smallpox vaccine" [200th anniversary of the Jenner smallpox vaccine]. Orvosi Hetilap (in Hungarian). 137 (34): 1875–1877. PMID8927342.
Meynell E (August 1995). "French reactions to Jenner's discovery of smallpox vaccination: the primary sources". Social History of Medicine. 8 (2): 285–303. doi:10.1093/shm/8.2.285. PMID11639810.
Bloch H (July 1993). "Edward Jenner (1749–1823). The history and effects of smallpox, inoculation, and vaccination". American Journal of Diseases of Children. 147 (7): 772–774. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160310074022. PMID8322750.
Roses DF (October 1992). "From Hunter and the Great Pox to Jenner and smallpox". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 175 (4): 365–372. PMID1411896.
Poliakov VE (December 1985). "Edward Jenner and vaccination against smallpox" [Edward Jenner and vaccination against smallpox]. Meditsinskaia Sestra (in Russian). 44 (12): 49–51. PMID3912642.
Andreae H (June 1973). "Edward Jenner, initiator of cowpox vaccination against human smallpox, died 150 years ago" [Edward Jenner, initiator of cowpox vaccination against human smallpox, died 150 years ago]. Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen (in German). 35 (6): 366–367. PMID4269783.
Friedrich I (February 1973). "A cure for smallpox. On the 150th anniversary of Edward Jenner's death". Orvosi Hetilap (in Hungarian). 114 (6): 336–338. PMID4567814.
Udovitskaia EF (November 1966). "Edward Jenner and the history of his scientific achievement. (On the 170th anniversary of the discovery of smallpox vaccination)" [Edward Jenner and the history of his scientific achievement. (On the 170th anniversary of the discovery of smallpox vaccination)]. Vrachebnoe Delo (in Russian). 11: 111–115. PMID4885910.
Voigt K (1964). "The Pharmacy Displa Window. Edward Jenner Discovered Smallpox Vaccination" [The Pharmacy Display Window. Edward Jenner Discovered Smallpox Vaccination]. Pharmazeutische Praxis (in German). 106: 88–89. PMID14237138.
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