DNA Differences Between Celtic Germanic Peoples

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:06 Celtic and Germanic Origins
2:27 Ancient DNA Differences & Hair Color
4:30 Manta Sleep
5:26 Celtic vs Germanic Y-DNA Haplogroups
9:10 Disease Rates

What are the DNA differences between Celtic and Germanic peoples, and how different are they? Now "Celtic" today conjures up places in the Atlantic fringe like Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany. But in the ancient world, the peoples Greek and Roman writers called Celts lived much further east — even as far as the Galatians in modern Turkey for a time.

As far as their origins, the traditional view traces Celtic culture back to the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures of central Europe, which take their names from places in Austria and Switzerland. Yet another theory places the Celts roots earlier and further west, in the Atlantic trading zone, linking Britain, Ireland, Iberia and parts of France. Either way, Gaul became the heartland of Celtic civilization in the ancient world, centred around modern-day France. It was only as Julius Caesar and Rome conquered much of the continental Celts, did "Celtic" identity contract to the Atlantic fringe we recognise today.

Germanic peoples, by contrast, emerged from the northern edge of Europe — around southern Scandinavia and the northern German plain — with roots usually connected to the Nordic Bronze Age and the Jastorf culture. The Romans defined this world from the outside: Caesar treated the Rhine as the boundary between Gaul and the Germani, while Tacitus described Germania as the land beyond the Rhine and north of the Danube. From there, Germanic-speaking groups expanded into peoples like the Goths, Franks, Saxons, Angles, and Lombards. And I should note that for this video, when I say "Germanic peoples," I'm referring to that continental Germanic world — Germany, the Low Countries, and the North Sea coast — rather than Scandinavians and the Vikings in particular. Yet many Germanic peoples such as the Goths trace their origin back to Scandinavia, so there is this link that we will touch on shortly.

And of all the places where Celtic and Germanic cultures collided, England is probably the most interesting example. Celtic Britons lived there for centuries before the Anglo-Saxons arrived and ultimately gave England its name.

But what are the DNA differences?

Sources:
FamilyTreeDNA Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup R-L1065
FamilyTreeDNA Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup R-M222
FamilyTreeDNA Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup I-Z58
FamilyTreeDNA Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup R-L48
L.M. Cassidy, R. Martiniano, E.M. Murphy, M.D. Teasdale, J. Mallory, B. Hartwell, D.G. Bradley, Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113 (2) 368-373, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518445113 (2016).
The genetic causes, ethnic origins and history of red hair - Eupedia
Who were the Celts? Understanding the history and culture of Celtic tribes
Britons: Tacitus (late first century CE) | Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland
Celt | History, Institutions, & Religion | Britannica
Celtic History Decoded - Irish DNA: What is the Genetic History of Ireland?
What is “French & German” Ancestry? - 23andMe Blog
Celtic History Decoded: Bell Beaker DNA: What Was the Genetic Makeup of the Culture that Changed Western Europe? (youtube.com)
Migration Period - Wikipedia
Lazaridis I. et al. Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature. 2014 Sep 18;513(7518):409-13. doi: 10.1038/nature13673. PMID: 25230663; PMCID: PMC4170574.
History and genetics of Early Medieval Germanic peoples - Eupedia

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Paul Hudson File:British Museum (15139266039).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Deed - Attribution 2.0 Generic - Creative Commons
Bullenwächter File:Bronze figure of a German Bibliothèque Nationale.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license Deed - Attribution 3.0 Unported - Creative Commons
Pataliputra! DalGobboM File:Archaeogenetic analysis of human skin pigmentation in Europe (with Asia geographic extension).png - Wikimedia Commons Skin colour and vitamin D: An update - Andrea Hanel, Carsten Carlberg Skin colour and vitamin D: An update - Hanel - 2020 - Experimental Dermatology - Wiley Online Library Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International - Creative Commons

Anglo-Saxons - Celtic DNA - Germanic DNA

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