How do nomadic reindeer herders survive in the tundra with impassable snowdrifts during cold weather

Reindeer herding in Yamal (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, YNAO) is practiced by indigenous peoples of the Russian North—the Nenets, Khanty, Mansi, and Selkups. Reindeer are the backbone of life for these northerners: they provide transportation, food, clothing, and shelter.
Reindeer herders lead a nomadic lifestyle. In winter, they migrate south to the forest-tundra, and in summer, north to the Kara Sea. The length of their routes varies from 200 to 1,500 km per year, depending on the pasture conditions: in summer, reindeer feed on grasses, mushrooms, and certain types of shrubs, and in winter, on lichen.
Reindeer herders live in tents—a structure made of wooden poles covered with reindeer skins. Each family has a summer and winter dwelling. The chum contains a stove, storage space for dishes, and sleeping quarters.

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