Doctor explains TOOTH DECAY (TOOTH CAVITY) - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

In this video Dr O'Donovan explains TOOTH DECAY included what it is, causes, symptoms and treatment.

What is Tooth Decay?

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a process that results in the destruction of the tooth’s hard surface, caused primarily by the action of bacteria. It occurs when the bacteria in the mouth convert sugars from food and drinks into acids. These acids then erode the enamel, which is the outer protective layer of the tooth. If left untreated, tooth decay can progress deeper into the tooth, affecting the dentin (the layer beneath the enamel) and potentially reaching the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels.

Symptoms of Tooth Decay of Cavity:

The symptoms of tooth decay can vary depending on the stage and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

Toothache: Persistent pain or discomfort in and around the tooth.
Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
Visible Holes or Pits: Noticeable pits or holes in the affected tooth.
Discoloration: Brown, black, or white staining on the surface of the tooth.
Pain When Biting: Discomfort or pain when chewing or biting down.
Bad Breath: Persistent bad breath or a foul taste in the mouth.
Swelling: Swelling around the affected tooth or gums.

How to Treat Tooth Decay

The treatment of tooth decay depends on the severity of the condition:

Fluoride Treatments: In the early stages of tooth decay, fluoride treatments can help restore enamel. These treatments can be administered in the dentist’s office through fluoride gel, varnish, or foam.
Fillings: If decay has progressed beyond the enamel but is still limited to the surface layers of the tooth, the decayed portion is removed, and the cavity is filled with a material such as composite resin, amalgam, or gold.
Crowns: For more extensive decay that weakens the tooth, a crown (a custom-fitted cap) may be placed over the tooth after the decayed portion is removed to restore its shape, strength, and function.
Root Canal: If decay reaches the pulp of the tooth, a root canal may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the infected pulp, cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, and then filling and sealing them. A crown is usually placed over the tooth to protect it.
Tooth Extraction: In cases where the tooth is severely damaged and cannot be saved, it may need to be extracted. The extracted tooth can be replaced with a dental implant, bridge, or denture.