How Red Turban rebellion ENDED the Mongol dominance in China | Ming dynasty vs Yuan Mongols

How Red Turban rebellion ENDED the Mongol dominance in China | Ming dynasty vs Yuan Mongols
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How Red Turban rebellion ENDED the Mongol dominance in China | Ming dynasty vs Yuan Mongols. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol rulers had become cruel and greedy. They took land from farmers and forced many people, especially the Han Chinese, into slavery. Fertile farmlands were turned into grazing land for animals. For example, one official named Boyan was given a huge 20,000 hectares of land. Rich landlords kept grabbing more land, leaving poor farmers with nothing. Many were forced to work as slaves just to survive.

How Red Turban rebellion ENDED the Mongol dominance in China | Ming dynasty vs Yuan Mongols. Taxes were unbearable, with the government demanding 20 times more than in earlier years of the Yuan dynasty. At the same time, the rulers lived in luxury, collecting treasures and beautiful women to offer to the Buddha, hoping for immortality. The government ran out of money and printed too much paper currency, which caused the economy to collapse.

How Red Turban rebellion ENDED the Mongol dominance in China | Ming dynasty vs Yuan Mongols. To make things worse, the Yellow River often flooded because no one took care of it. Crops were destroyed, and people went hungry. Homeless refugees filled the roads. Life was so bad that people would say, “The dead are everywhere, and the living walk among ghosts.”
Along with the decline of politics and the hardships of everyday life for the people, the Yuan Dynasty’s army was also growing weaker by the day.
When Kublai Khan took over Zhongyuan, the Yuan army was mostly made up of Han soldiers who had fought for the Jin Dynasty before the Mongols defeated them. These soldiers, led by Mongol or Central Asian officers, were stationed all across the empire and made up the main force of the Yuan army. Although Mongol soldiers were sent to important areas when needed, they didn’t patrol the empire regularly.
Most Mongol troops were stationed in the north, near the capital, Khanbaliq. But by the late 1200s, the Yuan army was getting weaker. By the 1340s, they often failed to stop local uprisings. For example, a small group of 36 bandits took over a Daoist temple on Mount Hua. Even after sending troops from three provinces, it took more than three months to stop them.
The problem was finally solved when salt workers from Hangzhou, known for being tough, were brought in to defeat the bandits. This failure made people lose trust in the central government, and they started relying more on local leaders for protection. This shift of power made the Yuan rulers even weaker.
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