【4K】遍佈佛像的中國明代皇家古塔，北京真覺寺|An ancient Royal pagoda covered with Buddha carvings in CHINA #chinatravel
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真覺寺，又稱大正覺寺，俗稱五塔寺，位於中國北京市海淀區五塔寺路24號，建於明永樂年間。為中國首批全國重點文物保護單位。
寺內最有名的便是金剛寶座塔，金剛寶座由寶座和石塔兩部分組成。建築平面呈長方形，南北長18.6米，東西寬15.73米，通高15.7米。
寶座高7.7公尺。寶座內部用磚砌築，外部全部用青白石包砌。外部遍飾宗教題材雕刻，做法仿照印度模式，內容源自藏傳佛教教義。雕刻技法採用中國傳統雕刻手法，同時也吸收了古印度佛塔外表的繁縟雕飾，運用凹凸深淺的控制，使主題更加生動，並有一定的立體感。
寶座最下面是須彌座式石基座，基座外表匝刻有梵文、佛像和法器等紋飾，基座上面為寶座的座身，座身分為五層，每層均有挑出的短石簷，簷頭刻出筒瓦、滴水等建築構件。工匠利用每層規律的出簷、平淺的浮雕花紋，避免了繁縟的表現，體現了中國傳統程式化和含蓄的風格。雕刻佈局運用了傳統的對稱手法，展現了中國建築特有的傳統風格和中國建築與外來文化相互結合的創造力。
寶座上雕刻著上下五層佛龕，佛龕之間用雕有花瓶紋飾的石柱相隔，柱頭雕出鬥拱以承托短簷。每個佛龕內刻有佛像一尊，形態各異，號稱千佛。並在最下面一層須彌座刻有梵文、藏文和各種宗教紋飾。須彌座中的五方佛坐騎雕刻，有大日如來獅子座、阿閦佛象座、寶生佛馬座、阿彌陀佛孔雀座、不空成就佛迦樓羅金翅鳥王座，表現為獅子、象、馬、孔雀、金翅鳥王等5種動物形象的雕刻。另外，寶座上還刻有八寶金剛杵、菩提樹、法輪、花瓶、四天王、降龍伏虎羅漢、捲草紋等。
Zhenjue Temple, also known as Dazhengjue Temple, commonly known as Wuta Temple, is located at No. 24 Wuta Temple Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. It was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China.
The most famous thing in the temple is the Vajra Throne Pagoda, which consists of a throne and a stone pagoda. The building plan is rectangular, 18.6 meters long from north to south, 15.73 meters wide from east to west, and 15.7 meters high.
The throne is 7.7 meters high. The interior of the throne is built with bricks, and the exterior is all covered with blue-white stone. The exterior is decorated with religious themes, which are modeled after the Indian model and the content is derived from the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. The carving technique adopts traditional Chinese carving techniques, and also absorbs the elaborate carvings on the exterior of ancient Indian pagodas. The control of concave and convex depth makes the theme more vivid and has a certain three-dimensional sense.
At the bottom of the throne is a Xumi-style stone base, with Sanskrit, Buddha statues, and ritual implements carved on the surface. The body of the throne is on the top of the base, which is divided into five layers. Each layer has a short stone eaves, and the eaves are carved with tubular tiles, drips and other architectural components. The craftsmen used the regular eaves and shallow relief patterns of each layer to avoid complicated performances, reflecting the traditional Chinese stylized and implicit style. The carving layout uses traditional symmetry techniques to show the unique traditional style of Chinese architecture and the creativity of the combination of Chinese architecture and foreign cultures.
There are five layers of Buddha niches carved on the throne, separated by stone columns with vase patterns, and the column heads are carved with brackets to support the short eaves. Each niche is engraved with a Buddha statue, with different shapes, known as the Thousand Buddhas. Sanskrit, Tibetan and various religious patterns are engraved on the bottom layer of the Xumi seat. The five Buddha mounts in the Sumeru throne include the lion throne of Vairocana, the elephant throne of Akshobhya, the horse throne of Ratnasambhava, the peacock throne of Amitabha, and the Garuda throne of Amoghasiddhi Buddha, which are carved in the form of five animals: lion, elephant, horse, peacock, and Garuda. In addition, the throne is also engraved with the Eight Treasures Vajra, Bodhi tree, Dharma wheel, vase, four heavenly kings, arhats who subdue dragons and tigers, and scroll grass patterns.