龙坦窑| 窑匠| 青花瓷| 复原那片土层下的青花，复原先辈的荣耀

开化龙坦窑陶瓷丨开化龙坦窑遗址位于开化龙坦村，可追溯到明正德年间，该窑址为浙江地区目前发现的烧造青花瓷年代最早的窑址。龙坦窑遗址瓷器产品丰富，可分为青花瓷、白釉瓷、青釉瓷、紫金釉瓷等4类。
Kaihua Longtan Kiln Ceramic丨Kaihua Longtan Kiln Ruins are located in Longtan Village of Kaihua, which can be traced back to the Ming and Zhengde years. This kiln site is the earliest kiln site for burning blue and white porcelain found in Zhejiang area. The Longtan Kiln site has rich porcelain products, which can be divided into four categories: blue and white porcelain, white glazed porcelain, blue glazed porcelain, and purple gold glazed porcelain.

其中又以青花瓷居多，质量最高。龙坦窑青花，装饰纹样丰富，有蝴蝶纹、折枝花卉纹、缠枝莲花纹、鱼藻纹、牡丹纹、蕉叶纹、狮子纹、西番莲纹等。窑具有匣钵、垫饼、轴顶碗、火照、荡箍等。从装烧工艺来看，所有产品均采用涩圈叠烧、匣钵装烧的工艺。
Among them, blue and white porcelain is the most popular, with the highest quality. Longtan Kiln blue and white, with rich decorative patterns, including butterfly pattern, flower pattern with broken branches, lotus pattern with twisted branches, algae pattern, peony pattern, banana leaf pattern, lion pattern, passionflower pattern, etc. The kiln has saggers, cakes, bowls on top of the shaft, fire, and hoop. From the perspective of loading and burning process, all products adopt the process of stacking burning in astringent ring and sack filling.

土层下埋藏着一段厚重的历史
There is a thick history buried under the soil

从未想过有这么一天，能够走进一个大型考古现场。一个夏日的午后，清风送爽。我们一行来到了开化龙坦村外的一片山坡，龙坦窑陶瓷传承人汪家良带着我们走进了龙坦窑遗址。我看着眼前土层里若隐若现的青花瓷，轻轻地拾起一片，掂在手中，感觉沉甸甸的。好像这不是一片瓷，而是一段厚重的历史。
I never imagined that one day I could walk into a large archaeological site. On a summer afternoon, the breeze blows away. Our group came to a hillside outside Longtan Village in Kaihua, and Wang Jialiang, the inheritor of Longtan Kiln Ceramics, took us to the Longtan Kiln site. I looked at the looming blue-and-white porcelain in the soil layer in front of me, and gently picked up a piece and put it in my hand, feeling heavy. It seems that this is not a piece of porcelain, but a thick history.

看着这片厚重的土层，汪家良向我介绍：“你看这些土，从下往上，一层就是一个时代。”我看着手中的青花碎片，山风里继续传来他的声音：“现在挖开的还只是一部分，我估计当年整个窑场的面积应该占了这一整座山头，可见当年这座民窑的兴盛。”汪家良说着抠出一块泥，“这就是当年古代匠人做的瓷泥，埋藏了几百年，你看还是这么细腻。”
Looking at this thick layer of soil, Wang Jialiang introduced to me: "Look at the soil, from bottom to top, one layer is an era." I looked at the blue and white fragments in my hand, and his voice continued to come from the mountain breeze: "Now it is only part of the excavation. I estimate that the area of ​​the entire kiln site should occupy the entire mountain. It can be seen that the prosperity of this folk kiln was at that time." Wang Jialiang said to cut out a piece of mud. "This is the ancient craftsman of the year. The porcelain clay made is buried for hundreds of years, you see it is still so delicate."

再现那片青花
Reproduce that piece of blue and white

其实很早的时候，汪家良就知道了龙坦窑遗址。当年他的美术老师带着他来到这里，他看着山坡上遗漏在表层的青花碎片，很是吃惊。“原来开化曾经也有陶瓷窑场，而且规模这么大。”那时的他，正在景德镇创业，终日里为了事业打拼。而龙坦窑像是一枚种子，埋进了他的心里，慢慢地开始发芽。直到有一天，他终于做了决定，回家，复原龙坦窑青花瓷。
In fact, very early, Wang Jialiang knew about the Longtan Kiln site. When his art teacher brought him here, he was surprised to see the blue and white fragments left on the surface of the hillside. "It turns out that Kaihua used to have a ceramic kiln, and it was of such a large scale." At that time, he was starting a business in Jingdezhen and working hard for his career all day long. The Longtan Kiln was like a seed, buried in his heart, and slowly began to germinate. Until one day, he finally made a decision to go home and restore the blue and white porcelain of Longtan Kiln.

那时的汪家良，已经在陶瓷行业浸淫多年，手上的技艺自然非同一般。但是即便如此，对于复原龙坦窑里的青花瓷，也不敢保证一定能成。为了找到正确的釉料和青花料的配比，他前后烧了100多窑，一点一滴的慢慢接近正确的数值。
At that time, Wang Jialiang had been immersed in the ceramic industry for many years, and his skills were naturally extraordinary. But even so, there is no guarantee that the blue and white porcelain in the Longtan Kiln will be restored. In order to find the correct ratio of glaze and blue and white material, he burned more than 100 kilns before and after, and gradually slowly approached the correct value.

而对他而言，这并不是最难的。最困扰他的是古代匠人在描绘青花时的那种状态，以及由此带来的画风。幸运的是，汪家良有一个贤内助，毕业于天津美院的妻子一直默默的支持着他，用手中的画笔，还有对他的包容。
For him, this is not the hardest. What bothers him the most is the state of the ancient artisans when depicting blue and white, and the style of painting that they brought. Fortunately, Wang Jialiang had a virtuous helper. His wife, who graduated from Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, has been supporting him silently, with a brush in his hand, and tolerance for him.

对得起先辈，对得起自己
Worthy of ancestors, worthy of yourself

无疑我们是幸运的，就在我们抵达开化的前几天，汪家良终于成功的烧制出一批青花瓷。经汪家良和众多业内人士鉴别一致认定，“与原先残片的相似度在95%以上。”

而汪家良在激动之余，也很是感慨。他只是希望通过复烧龙坦窑青花，将古代开化陶瓷匠人所制作的青花之美，重现呈现给世人。而这条路一走就是5年，这让他百感交集。

复烧龙坦窑的这几年，汪家良停下了手中所有的活。一面是断了收入，一面是不断投入。让他一度难以为继，后来他一咬牙贷了一笔款，这才有了龙坦窑的重新面世。

在汪家良的工作室里，我看着片片碎瓷，还有一旁几乎看不出区别的复烧青花。好像理解了汪家良所说的：“既然要做，那就把他做到自己满意的状态。这样也就对得起自己了。”