Jan 11, 2025
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3 mins read

张又普: 日本假币

张又普: 日本假币

上世纪80年代,我在日本生活了7年多,其间曾遇到过一次假币事件。东京远郊的一家小印刷厂经营不善,濒临破产,老板伙同两名亲信偷印假币赚钱,被警方抓获,判处20年重刑,此生休矣。那时日本NHK电视台介绍了许多关于假币的法律知识和辨认假币的方法。 假币受害人若发现自己手中的货币是假币,并将假币出手,属于刑事犯罪,将被判一年以上徒刑。若报警并全力协助警方调查,警方调查核实后,会在适当的时候,以协助调查金名义发还同额真币。于是所有假币受害人见到假币后都会立即报警,这使得假币制造者陷入全民围剿之中,人人喊打,插翅难飞,同时也杜绝了假币在市场上的流通。

2001年,三名外国人持日本假币去大阪旅游,从假币出手到被抓,不到4小时。NHK电视台详细介绍了破案经过及其相关法律,使全世界的日本假币制造者和使用者都受到了极大的震撼和威慑。有观众问,假币制造者会不会装作受害人去警方那里用假币换真币?答曰,警察不是傻瓜,谁把警察当傻瓜,他自己就是傻瓜。警方有科学、合理、严格的调查方法和手段,主动去警方那里说假话,无异于自投罗网,警方乐得请君入瓮。

包括中国在内的很多国家则与日本不同,银行或警方仅将假币没收,无真币补偿,假币所造成的经济损失由受害人自己承担,受害人只能自认倒霉。于是,受害人都不愿意主动报警,而是寻找机会将手中的假币重新出手,使自己个人的经济损失尽量减小。其结果是,假币在市场上畅通无阻,假币制造者逍遥法外,笑逐颜开。同时,又会有更多的人投身于假币制造这一风险很小的赚钱行业,国家经济受到损失,市场金融系统受到破坏,最终还是全体老百姓倒霉。

有专家通过数学计算表明,当市场上出现假币时,货币发行者(国家中央银行)出些小钱将假币回收,以此为奖励,鼓励民众协力调查,迅速抓获假币制造者,才能使总体的经济损失取到最小值。 法律和制度是保障人民利益的基础,改革开放以来,中国的法制已经有了长足进步,不过在假币问题上仍然有所不足。我很希望看到本文的国内的看官们能把我的文章转发一下,让更多的中国人了解日本的相关法律,如果能让中国政府也能为中国制定出相应的法律制度,为中国人民造福,那将是本文的最终目的。预先谢谢大家的帮助与合作。(张又普初稿于2003年11月21日)

 

https://x.com/franktianxie/status/1878185387958657225

謝田的世界 Frank Tian Xie, Ph.D.
乾淨世界中,謝田的世界。 六十年代之初,生于黄海之滨,长于东北边陲。 七十年代初叶,得尝农家苦乐,略知国难家累。 八十年代发韧,求学古都燕园,茫中求脱左昧。 八十年代中叶,负笈留学美国,科学救国难遂。 八十年代末节,惊闻六四血案,民主救国心碎。 九十年代初始,业界拼搏八年,家齐自疏修为。 九十年代中叶,携妇将雏求索,世事耕耘繁累。 九十年代末劫,欣闻佛法正道,感念主佛慈悲。 零零年代以降,勤修正法律己,教书育人不悔。 Frank Tian Xie, BS, MBA, Ph.D. Dr. Frank Tian Xie is John M. Olin Palmetto Chair Professor in Business and Professor of Marketing at the University of South Carolina Aiken & Senior Fellow at think tank Consilium Institute. As a recipient of the Taiwan Fellowship, he was a Visiting Scholar at Public Economic Policy Research Center at National Taiwan University. Prior to his appointment at USC Aiken, Dr. Xie was on the faculty of business at Drexel University in Philly, PA. Professor Xie obtained his Ph.D. in Marketing and MBA in Finance from Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University in Atlanta, and BS in geoscience from Peking University in Beijing, China. A native of China and an expert on Chinese business, society, & economy, Dr. Xie is a columnist on business for New Epoch Weekly, a global Chinese language magazine. His research interest includes Chinese business and economy, marketing strategy, business-to-business marketing, international marketing, and research methodology. His research appears in academic journals such as the Journal of Business Market Management, Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Journal of Education for Business, Journal of Business and Economic Policy, Journal of Southeast Case Research Association, and Journal of Marketing Channels. Dr. Xie has been a speaker in numerous seminars and panels in countries in America, Asia, and Europe; and appeared in global media outlets from VOA, RFA, Radio Australia, New York Times, CNN, NBC, CBS, Tokyo Shimbun, to Epochtimes, NTDTV, and SOH Radio International. He has been writing a column on business and economics since 2002.