condition that causes stiffness and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. While many cases can be managed with non-surgical treatments like physiotherapy, medications, and steroid injections, some patients experience persistent symptoms that do not improve over time. In such cases, frozen shoulder surgery becomes a necessary and effective treatment option.

In this article, we’ll explore what frozen shoulder is, when surgery for frozen shoulder is recommended, and what to expect before, during, and after the procedure.

What Is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder occurs when the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint becomes thickened and inflamed, leading to tightness and a significant loss of mobility. The condition typically develops slowly and progresses through three stages:

1. Freezing Stage – Pain gradually increases, and shoulder motion begins to decrease.
2. Frozen Stage – Pain may lessen, but stiffness remains and limits the range of motion.
3. Thawing Stage – Gradual improvement in shoulder mobility, sometimes taking months or years.

The entire process can take up to 2-3 years, and in some cases, full recovery may not occur without intervention.

Causes and Risk Factors

Frozen shoulder most commonly affects people aged 40–60 and is more prevalent in women. It may develop without a clear cause or may be triggered by:

• Shoulder injury or surgery
• Diabetes
• Thyroid disorders
• Prolonged immobilization
• Autoimmune conditions

When Is Frozen Shoulder Surgery Needed?

Non-surgical treatments are usually the first line of defense, but surgery may be considered if:

• Symptoms persist for over 6–12 months despite conservative management.
• Shoulder mobility is severely restricted.
• Pain significantly affects daily activities and quality of life.
• Physiotherapy and injections fail to improve the condition.

Surgery for frozen shoulder aims to release the tight capsule and restore mobility to the joint.

Types of Frozen Shoulder Surgery

There are two primary surgical options for treating frozen shoulder:

1. Arthroscopic Capsular Release

This is the most common frozen shoulder surgery and involves the following:

• A minimally invasive procedure performed under general anesthesia.
• Small incisions are made, and a tiny camera (arthroscope) is inserted into the shoulder joint.
• The tight, inflamed capsule is carefully released using specialized instruments.
• The surgeon may also remove adhesions and scar tissue restricting motion.

Benefits:

• Less tissue trauma
• Quicker recovery time
• Minimal scarring
• Highly effective in restoring range of motion

2. Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA)

In this technique:

• The patient is put under anesthesia.
• The surgeon manually moves the shoulder to break up adhesions and loosen the joint capsule.
• Often combined with arthroscopic surgery for improved results.

Risks: MUA carries a slightly higher risk of complications like fractures or soft tissue injuries, especially in patients with osteoporosis or brittle bones.

Recovery After Frozen Shoulder Surgery

Recovery depends on the severity of the condition, the type of surgery performed, and patient compliance with rehabilitation.

Immediately After Surgery:

• Pain and discomfort are managed with medications.
• Arm may be supported with a sling initially.

Physical Therapy:

• Starts within a few days post-surgery.
• Focuses on gentle stretching to restore flexibility.
• Gradual increase in exercises to regain strength and full range of motion.

Timeline:

• Most patients notice significant improvement within 6–12 weeks.
• Full recovery can take 3–6 months.

Adhering to a well-structured rehab program is key to preventing re-stiffening of the joint.

Risks and Considerations

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Nerve damage
• Incomplete relief or recurrence of stiffness

However, when performed by a skilled shoulder specialist, frozen shoulder surgery has a high success rate and offers excellent outcomes.

Expert Surgical Care in London

If you are considering surgery for frozen shoulder, it’s essential to consult an experienced orthopedic specialist. Mr. Jagwant Singh, a leading shoulder surgeon in London, has extensive expertise in treating complex shoulder conditions, including adhesive capsulitis. His patient-centric approach, combined with advanced surgical techniques, ensures optimal outcomes and faster recovery.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder surgery is a safe and effective treatment for those who do not respond to conservative measures. Whether through arthroscopic capsular release or manipulation under anesthesia, surgery can provide lasting relief from pain and stiffness, allowing patients to regain a full range of motion and return to their daily activities.

If you’re struggling with persistent shoulder stiffness and discomfort, don’t let it limit your life. Reach out to a qualified orthopedic expert and explore whether surgery for frozen shoulder is the right path for you.