美国移民局(USCIS)已正式实施2025年版公民入籍考试(Naturalization Civics Test)改革方案。
核心变化与生效日期:
生效日期:凡是在 2025年10月20日 或之后提交 N-400 入籍申请的申请人,都必须参加 2025 版新考试。
适用对象:2025年10月20日之前申请的人员仍沿用 2008 版考试。
2025 改革版主要内容:
题库规模增加:公民知识题库从原来的 100 题增加到 128 题。
提问数量增加:面试官会在面试中抽取 20 道题 进行提问(此前为 10 道)。
及格分数提高:申请人必须答对 12 道题 才能通过(及格率仍为 60%,但题目数量翻倍)。
终止规则:一旦申请人答对 12 题,面试官将停止提问并判定通过;如果申请人答错 9 题,则判定为失败。
内容侧重:新版题目更加侧重美国历史、政府运作及宪法原则,减少了部分地理相关题目。
豁免与特殊规定:
“65/20”规则(高龄豁免):年满 65 岁且持有绿卡至少 20 年的申请人,仍只需学习精选的 20 道题,面试时回答 10 题并答对 6 题即可通过。
英语要求:目前 2025 版改革主要针对公民知识部分,英语听、说、读、写的要求保持不变。
备考建议:
访问 USCIS 官方公民资源中心 获取最新的 128 题官方题库 (PDF)。
注意部分答案会因选举(如 2024 年大选后的内阁名单或议员变更)而变化,请务必查询面试当天的现任官员名单。
美国入籍考试128题中文英文对照
| 英文 | 中文 |
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT 美国政府 | |
| A: Principles of American Government | A:美国政府的基本原则 |
1. What is the form of government of the United States? • Republic • Constitution-based federal republic • Representative democracy | 1. 美国的政体是什么? • 共和国 • 基于宪法的联邦共和国 • 代议制民主 |
2. What is the supreme law of the land? * • (U.S.) Constitution | 2. 美国的最高法律是什么?* • (美国)宪法 |
3. Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does. • Forms the government • Defines powers of government • Defines the parts of government • Protects the rights of the people | 3. 请说出宪法的一项作用 • 建立政府 • 规定政府权力 • 规定政府组成部分 • 保障人民权利 |
4. The U.S. Constitution starts with the words “We the People.” What does “We the People” mean? • Self-government • Popular sovereignty • Consent of the governed • People should govern themselves • (Example of) social contract | 4. 美国宪法开头的“We the People”是什么意思? • 自治 • 人民主权 • 被治理者的同意 • 人民应当自我治理 • (社会契约的例子) |
5. How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution? • Amendments • The amendment process | 5. 美国宪法是如何修改的? • 修正案 • 修宪程序 |
6. What does the Bill of Rights protect? • (The basic) rights of Americans • (The basic) rights of people living in the United States | 6. 《权利法案》保护什么? • 美国人的(基本)权利 • 在美国居住者的(基本)权利 |
7. How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have? * • Twenty-seven (27) |
7. 美国宪法有多少条修正案? * • 27条 |
8. Why is the Declaration of Independence important? • It says America is free from British control. • It says all people are created equal. • It identifies inherent rights. • It identifies individual freedoms. | 8. 为什么《独立宣言》很重要? • 宣告美国脱离英国统治 • 宣告人人生而平等 • 确认固有权利 • 确认个人自由 |
9. What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain? • Declaration of Independence | 9. 哪一份建国文件宣布美洲殖民地脱离英国? • 《独立宣言》 |
10. Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. • Equality • Liberty • Social contract • Natural rights • Limited government • Self-government | 10. 请说出两个《独立宣言》和《宪法》中的重要理念。 • 平等 • 自由 • 社会契约 • 天赋人权 • 有限政府 • 自治 |
11. The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document? • Declaration of Independence | 11. “生命、自由和追求幸福”出自哪一份建国文件? • 《独立宣言》 |
12. What is the economic system of the United States? * • Capitalism • Free market economy | 12. 美国的经济制度是什么? * • 资本主义 • 自由市场经济 |
13. What is the rule of law? • Everyone must follow the law. • Leaders must obey the law. • Government must obey the law. • No one is above the law. | 13. 什么是法治? • 人人必须遵守法律 • 领导人必须守法 • 政府必须守法 • 没有人凌驾于法律之上 |
14. Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one. • Declaration of Independence • Articles of Confederation • Federalist Papers • Anti-Federalist Papers • Virginia Declaration of Rights • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Mayflower Compact • Iroquois Great Law of Peace | 14. 许多文件影响了美国宪法,请说出其中一份。 • 《独立宣言》 • 《邦联条例》 • 《联邦党人文集》 • 《反联邦党人文集》 • 《弗吉尼亚权利宣言》 • 《康涅狄格基本法》 • 《五月花公约》 • 《易洛魁和平大法》 |
15. There are three branches of government. Why? • So one part does not become too powerful • Checks and balances • Separation of powers | 15. 政府为什么有三个分支? • 防止某一部分权力过大 • 制衡 • 三权分立 |
| B: System of Government | B:政府体制 |
16. Name the three branches of government. • Legislative, executive, and judicial • Congress, president, and the courts | 16. 说出政府的三个分支。 • 立法、行政、司法 • 国会、总统、法院 |
17. The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government? • Executive branch | 17. 美国总统领导政府的哪个部门? • 行政部门 |
18. What part of the federal government writes laws? • (U.S.) Congress • (U.S. or national) legislature • Legislative branch | 18. 联邦政府的哪一部分负责制定法律? • 美国国会 • 美国或国家立法机构 • 立法部门 |
19. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? • Senate and House (of Representatives) | 19. 美国国会的两院是什么? • 参议院和众议院 |
20. Name one power of the U.S. Congress. * • Writes laws • Declares war • Makes the federal budget | 20. 说出美国国会的一项权力。 * • 制定法律 • 宣战 • 制定联邦预算 |
21. How many U.S. senators are there? • One hundred (100) | 21. 美国有多少名参议员? • 100名 |
22. How long is a term for a U.S. senator? • Six (6) years | 22. 美国参议员任期多久? • 六年 |
23. Who is one of your state’s U.S. senators now? • Answers will vary. [D.C. and territories: no U.S. senators.] | 23. 你所在州的一位现任美国参议员是谁? • 答案因州而异。[哥伦比亚特区和领地:没有美国参议员] |
24. How many voting members are in the House of Representatives? • Four hundred thirty-five (435) | 24. 美国众议院有多少名有投票权的议员? • 435名 |
25. How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives? • Two (2) years | 25. 美国众议员任期多久? • 两年 |
26. Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators? • To more closely follow public opinion | 26. 为什么众议员的任期比参议员短? • 为了更贴近民意 |
27. How many senators does each state have? • Two (2) | 27. 每个州有多少名参议员? • 两名 |
28. Why does each state have two senators? • Equal representation (for small states) • The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) | 28. 为什么每个州都有两名参议员? • 平等代表(保护小州) • 大妥协(康涅狄格妥协) |
29. Name your U.S. representative. • Answers will vary. [Territories may have Delegates or Commissioners, or none.] | 29. 你所在选区的美国众议员是谁? • 答案因选区而异。[领地可能有代表或专员,或没有] |
30. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? * • Mike Johnson • Johnson • James Michael Johnson (birth name) | 30. 现任美国众议院议长是谁? * • 迈克·约翰逊 • 约翰逊 |
31. Who does a U.S. senator represent? • Citizens of their state • People of their state | 31. 美国参议员代表谁? • 其所在州的公民 • 其所在州的人民 |
32. Who elects U.S. senators? • Citizens from their state | 32. 谁选举美国参议员? • 各州的公民 |
33. Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent? • Citizens in their (congressional) district • People in their district | 33. 美国众议员代表谁? • 其选区的公民 • 其选区的人民 |
34. Who elects members of the House of Representatives? • Citizens from their (congressional) district | 34. 谁选举众议员? • 各选区的公民 |
35. Some states have more representatives than other states. Why? • (Because of) the state’s population • (Because) they have more people • (Because) some states have more people | 35. 为什么有些州的众议员比其他州多? • 因为州的人口 • 因为他们人口更多 • 因为一些州人口更多 |
36. The President of the United States is elected for how many years? * • Four (4) years | 36. 美国总统的任期是几年? * • 四年 |
37. The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why? • (Because of) the 22nd Amendment • To keep the president from becoming too powerful | 37. 为什么美国总统只能连任两届? • 因为第 22 修正案 • 为了防止总统权力过大 |
38. What is the name of the President of the United States now? * • Donald J. Trump • Donald Trump • Trump | 38. 现任美国总统是谁? * • 唐纳德·特朗普 • 特朗普 |
39. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? * • JD Vance • Vance | 39. 现任美国副总统是谁? * • JD 万斯 • 万斯 |
40. If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president? • The Vice President (of the United States) | 40. 如果总统无法继续任职,谁会成为总统? • 美国副总统 |
41. Name one power of the president. • Signs bills into law • Vetoes bills • Enforces laws • Commander in Chief (of the military) • Chief diplomat • Appoints federal judges | 41. 说出总统的一项权力。 • 签署法案使之成为法律 • 否决法案 • 执行法律 • 兼任三军总司令 • 担任首席外交官 • 任命联邦法官 |
42. Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? • The President (of the United States) | 42. 谁是美国军队的总司令? • 美国总统 |
43. Who signs bills to become laws? • The President (of the United States) | 43. 谁签署法案使之成为法律? • 美国总统 |
44. Who vetoes bills? * • The President (of the United States) | 44. 谁有权否决法案? * • 美国总统 |
45. Who appoints federal judges? • The President (of the United States) | 45. 谁任命联邦法官? • 美国总统 |
46. The executive branch has many parts. Name one. • President (of the United States) • Cabinet • Federal departments and agencies | 46. 行政部门有许多组成部分,请说出一项。 • 美国总统 • 内阁 • 联邦部和机构 |
47. What does the President’s Cabinet do? • Advises the President (of the United States) | 47. 总统的内阁是做什么的? • 向美国总统提供建议 |
48. What are two Cabinet-level positions? • Attorney General • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Education • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Health and Human Services • Secretary of Homeland Security • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of State • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of the Treasury • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Defense • Vice-President • Administrator of the EPA • Administrator of the SBA • Director of the CIA • Director of the OMB • Director of National Intelligence • U.S. Trade Representative | 48. 说出两个内阁职位。 • 司法部长 • 农业部长 • 商务部长 • 教育部长 • 能源部长 • 卫生与公众服务部长 • 国土安全部长 • 住房与城市发展部长 • 内政部长 • 劳工部长 • 国务卿 • 交通部长 • 财政部长 • 退伍军人事务部长 • 国防部长 • 副总统 • 环保署署长 • 小企业署署长 • 中央情报局局长 • 管理与预算办公室主任 • 国家情报总监 • 美国贸易代表 |
49. Why is the Electoral College important? • It decides who is elected president. • It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection. | 49. 为什么选举人团很重要? • 它决定谁当选总统 • 它在全民选举总统和国会选举总统之间提供折中方案 |
50. What is one part of the judicial branch? • Supreme Court • Federal Courts | 50. 司法部门的一部分是什么? • 最高法院 • 联邦法院 |
51. What does the judicial branch do? • Reviews laws • Explains laws • Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law • Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution | 51. 司法部门的职责是什么? • 审查法律 • 解释法律 • 解决与法律相关的争议 • 判断法律是否违宪 |
52. What is the highest court in the United States? * • Supreme Court | 52. 美国最高的法院是什么? * • 最高法院 |
53. How many seats are on the Supreme Court? • Nine (9) | 53. 美国最高法院有多少个席位? • 九个 |
54. How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case? • Five (5) | 54. 美国最高法院通常需要多少位大法官才能裁决一个案件? • 五位 |
55. How long do Supreme Court justices serve? • (For) life • Lifetime appointment • (Until) retirement | 55. 美国最高法院大法官任职多久? • 终身 • 终身任命 • 直到退休 |
56. Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why? • To be independent (of politics) • To limit outside (political) influence | 56. 为什么最高法院大法官是终身任职? • 保持独立(不受政治干扰) • 限制外部(政治)影响 |
57. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? • John Roberts • John G. Roberts, Jr. • Roberts | 57. 现任美国首席大法官是谁? • 约翰·罗伯茨 • 罗伯茨 |
58. Name one power that is only for the federal government. • Print paper money • Mint coins • Declare war • Create an army • Make treaties • Set foreign policy | 58. 说出一项仅属于联邦政府的权力。 • 印制纸币 • 铸造硬币 • 宣战 • 建立军队 • 缔结条约 • 制定外交政策 |
59. Name one power that is only for the states. • Provide schooling and education • Provide protection (police) • Provide safety (fire departments) • Give a driver’s license • Approve zoning and land use | 59. 说出一项仅属于州政府的权力。 • 提供教育 • 提供治安(警察) • 提供安全保障(消防部门) • 发放驾照 • 批准分区和土地使用 |
60. What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment? • (It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people. | 60. 第十修正案的目的是什么? • 它规定未授予联邦政府的权力属于州或人民 |
61. Who is the governor of your state now? * • Answers will vary. [D.C. residents should answer that D.C. does not have a governor.] | 61. 你所在州现任州长是谁? * • 答案因州而异。[哥伦比亚特区居民应回答“华盛顿特区没有州长”] |
62. What is the capital of your state? • Answers will vary. [D.C. residents: D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Territories: name the capital of the territory.] | 62. 你所在州的首府是哪座城市? • 答案因州而异。[哥伦比亚特区居民应回答“华盛顿特区不是州,没有首府”;领地居民应回答所属领地的首府] |
| C: Rights and Responsibilities | C:权利与责任 |
63. There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. • Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote). • You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote. • Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.) • A male citizen of any race (can vote). | 63. 宪法中有四个修正案涉及谁能投票,请描述其中一个。 • 年满 18 岁的公民可以投票 • 投票不需要缴纳人头税 • 任何公民都可以投票(男女均可) • 任何种族的男性公民都可以投票 |
64. Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States? • Citizens • Citizens of the United States • U.S. citizens | 64. 在美国,谁可以参加联邦选举、竞选联邦公职和担任陪审员? • 公民 • 美国公民 |
65. What are three rights of everyone living in the United States? • Freedom of expression • Freedom of speech • Freedom of assembly • Freedom to petition the government • Freedom of religion • The right to bear arms | 65. 所有居住在美国的人享有哪些三项权利? • 言论自由 • 言语自由 • 集会自由 • 向政府请愿的自由 • 宗教自由 • 持有武器的权利 |
66. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? * • The United States • The flag | 66. 当我们宣誓效忠时效忠于什么? * • 美利坚合众国 • 国旗 |
67. Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance. • Give up loyalty to other countries • Defend the (U.S.) Constitution • Obey the laws of the United States • Serve in the military (if needed) • Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed) • Be loyal to the United States | 67. 新公民在效忠誓言中作出哪些承诺(说两个)? • 放弃对其他国家的效忠 • 维护美国宪法 • 遵守美国法律 • 必要时服兵役 • 必要时为国家服务(提供帮助、做重要工作) • 忠于美国 |
68. How can people become United States citizens? • Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Amendment • Naturalize • Derive citizenship (under conditions set by Congress) | 68. 人们如何才能成为美国公民? • 出生在美国(符合第十四修正案条件) • 归化入籍 • 根据国会规定取得派生公民身份 |
69. What are two examples of civic participation in the United States? • Vote • Run for office • Join a political party • Help with a campaign • Join a civic group • Join a community group • Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue) • Contact elected officials • Support or oppose an issue or policy • Write to a newspaper | 69. 说出两个在美国公民参与公共事务的例子。 • 投票 • 竞选公职 • 加入政党 • 参与竞选活动 • 加入市民团体 • 加入社区团体 • 向民选官员表达意见 • 联系民选官员 • 支持或反对某个问题或政策 • 给报社写信 |
70. What is one way Americans can serve their country? • Vote • Pay taxes • Obey the law • Serve in the military • Run for office • Work for local, state, or federal government | 70. 美国人服务国家的一种方式是什么? • 投票 • 缴纳税款 • 遵守法律 • 服兵役 • 竞选公职 • 为地方、州或联邦政府工作 |
71. Why is it important to pay federal taxes? • Required by law • All people pay to fund the federal government • Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment) • Civic duty | 71. 为什么缴纳联邦税很重要? • 法律规定 • 所有人缴税以资助联邦政府 • 宪法(第16修正案)要求 • 公民义务 |
72. It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why. • Required by law • Civic duty • Makes the draft fair, if needed | 72. 为什么18到25岁的男性必须登记兵役?请说出一个原因。 • 法律规定 • 公民义务 • 若需要征兵,可以确保公平 |
後續題目,請點按此處》〉》